<m.Pesahim 8.7>

One may not slaughter the Passover offering for a single person: this is R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]`s view; but R. Jose [T4] permits it. And even a company of a hundred who cannot eat as much as an olive [jointly], one may not kill for them. And one may not form a company of women and slaves and minors.

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<m.Pesachim 8.7>

{}m psHjM 8.7{
} ajN wvHfjN at hpsH yl hjHjd, dbrj rbj jhvdh; rbj jvsj mtjr. apjlv Hbvrh wl mah, vajnN jkvljN lakvl kzjt-- ajN wvHfjN yljhN. vajN yvwjN Hbvrh nwjM vybdjM vqfnjM.

<t.Pesachim 8.7>

t.Pes.8.7
A. These are the points of difference between the first Passover and the second [cf. M.Pes.9.3]:
B. The first is [observed by dividing the people] into three divisions, but the second is not [observed by dividing the people] into three divisions.
C. The first overrides considerations of uncleanness, and the second does not override considerations of uncleanness.
D. ``On account of the first they are liable to extirpation, and on account of the second they are not liable to extirpation,`` the words of Rabbi.
E. R, Nathan [T5] says, ``Also on account of the second they are liable to extirpation.``
F. R. Hanina [PA1, PA3 or PA5] b. `Aqabia says, ``If they observed the second, they are not liable for extirpation on account of the first. [If] they did not observe the second, they are liable to extirpation on account of the first`` [cf. M.Pes.9.1].
G. The first requires [an additional] festal offering, and the second does not require a festal offering.
H. The first is celebrated all seven days, but the second is celebrated only for one day.


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<t.Pes.8.7>

{}t psHjM 8.7{
} alv dbrjM wbjN psH mcrjM lpsH dvrvt psH mcrjM mqHv [bywvr] wHjftv bj``d ajN HjjbjN yljv krt psH [dvrvt HjjbjN yljv krt psH] mcrjM la nhgv bv dqjN vtblvljN [atnN vmHjr] mwa``k bpsH dvrvt psH mcrjM namr bv (,wmvt jb,) vlqH hva vwknv mh wajN kN bpsH dvrvt r``w avmr avmr anj aP bpsH dvrvt kN vkl kK lmh kdj wla jnjH adM wknv hqrvb al bjtv vjlK vjywh at psHv acl Hbjrv lqjjM mh wna` (,mwlj kz,) fvb wkN qrvb maH rHvq psH mcrjM la hjh fyvN dmjM vHlbjM lgbj mzbH mh wajN kN bpsH dvrvt psH mcrjM namr bv (,wmvt jb,) vhgytM al hmwqvP val wtj hmzvzvt mh wajN kN bpsH dvrvt psH mcrjM namr bv (,wM,) vatM la tcav ajw mptH bjtv yd bvqr mh wajN kN bpsH dvrvt psH mcrjM kl aHd vaHd wvHf btvK bjtv psH dvrvt kl jwral wvHfjN bmqvM aHd psH mcrjM mqvM akjlh wM hjth ljnh psH dvrvt avkljN bmqvM aHd vlnjN bmqvM aHr aHd psH mcrjM vaHd psH dvrvt mj whjv lv ybdjM wla mlv vwpHvt wla fblv mykbjN avtv mlakvl bpsH rab``j avmr avmr anj bpsH mcrjM hktvb mdbr.

<b.Pesahim ch.8.7, 91a-91b>

MISHNAH: m.Pes.8.7 One may not slaughter the Passover offering for a single person: this is R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]`s view; but R. Jose [T4] permits it. And even a company of a hundred who cannot eat as much as an olive [jointly], one may not kill for them. And one may not form a company of women and slaves and minors.
GEMARA: Our Rabbis taught: How do we know that one may not slaughter the Passover-offering for a single person? Because it is said, Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover-offering for one: this is R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]`s opinion. But R. Jose [T4] maintained: A single person and he is able to eat it, one may slaughter on his behalf; ten who are unable to eat it, one must not slaughter on their behalf. Now R. Jose [T4], how does he employ this `for one`? He requires it for R. Simeon`s [T4] [deduction]. For it was taught, R. Simeon [T4] said: How do we know that one who sacrifices his Passover offering at a private bamah at the time when bamoth were prohibited violates a negative command? Because it is said, `Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover-offering within one of thy gates`. You might think that it is also thus when bamoth were permitted: therefore it is stated, `within one of thy gates`: They ruled [that he violates a negative injunction] only when all Israel enter through one gate. And how does R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y] know this? You may infer two things from it. Now according to R. Jose [T4], whence [does he know] that its purpose is for what R. Simeon [T4] said: perhaps it comes for what was stated by R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]? He can tell you: you cannot think so, for surely it is written, according to every man`s eating. R. `Ukba b. Hinena of Parishna pointed out a contradiction to Raba: Did then R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y] Say: One may not kill the Paschal lamb for a single person? But the following contradicts it: [As to] a woman; at the First [Passover] one may slaughter for her separately, but at the second one makes her an addition to others: this is the view of R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]. Said he to him, Do not Say, `for her separately,` but `for them separately.` Yet may we form a company consisting entirely of women? Surely we learned, one may not form a company of women and slaves and minors. Does that not mean women separately and slaves separately and minors separately? No, he replied, [it means] women and slaves and minors [together]. Women and slaves, on account of obscenity; minors and slaves, on account of b.Pes.91b licentiousness. [To turn to] the [main] text: [As to] a woman, at the First [Passover] one slaughters for her separately, while at the second one makes her an addition to others: this is the view of R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]. R. Jose [T4] said: [As to] a woman, at the Second [Passover] one slaughters for her separately, and at the First it goes without saying. R. Simeon [T4] said: [As to] a woman, at the First one makes her an addition to others; at the second one may not slaughter for her at all. Wherein do they differ? R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y] holds: according to the number of the souls [implies] even women. And should you say, if so, even at the Second too? It is [therefore] written, that man shall bear his sin: only a man, but not a woman. Yet should you argue: if so, she may not even be [made] an addition at the Second, [therefore is written,] according to all the statue of the [first] passover, which is effective in respect of [her being made] a mere addition.
And R. Jose [T4]? What is his reason! Because in connection with the First [Passover] it is written, `according to the number of souls,` [implying] even a woman. Again, in connection with the Second Passover it is written, that soul shall be cut off from his people, `soul` [implying] even women. While what does `that man shall bear his sin` exclude? It excludes a minor from kareth. While R. Simeon [T4] [argues]: In connection with the First [Passover] `a man is written: only a man but not a woman. Yet should you say. If so, [she may] not even [be made] an addition:. [therefore is written] `according to the number of sous`, which is effective in respect of [her being] an addition. But should you say, then even at the Second too, [therefore] the Divine Law excluded [her] from the second, for it is written, `that man shall bear his sin`: [implying] only a man, but not a woman. Now from what is she excluded? If from an obligation, [this cannot be maintained]: seeing that there is no [obligation] at the first, is there a question of the second! Hence [she is surely excluded] from [participation even as] an addition.
Now, what is [this] `man` which R. Simeon [T4] quotes? If we say, they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers` houses etc. Surely that is required for [the teaching] of R. Isaac [T5 or PA3]. who deduced: only a `man` can acquire [on behalf of others], but a minor cannot acquire [on behalf of others]! Rather [it is derived] from `a man, according to his eating`. But since R. Jose [T4] agrees with R. Simeon [T4], R. Simeon [T4] too must agree with R. Jose [T4], and he needs that [verse to teach] that one slaughters the Passover-offering for a single person? He can answer you: If so, let the Divine Law write `according to his eating`, why [state] `a man`? Hence you infer two [laws] from it. With whom does the following dictum of R. Eleazar [T4 in M or PA3] agree. [viz.]: `[The observance of the Passover-offering by] a woman at the First [Passover] is obligatory, while at the Second it is voluntary, and it overrides the Sabbath.` If voluntary, why does it override the Sabbath? Rather say: `at the Second it is voluntary, while at the First it is obligatory and overrides the Sabbath.` With whom [does it agree]? With R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]. R. Jacob [T4] said in R. Johanan`s [PA2] name: A company must not be formed [consisting] entirely of proselytes, lest they be [too particular about it and bring it to disqualification. Our Rabbis taught: The Passover-offering and unleavened bread and bitter herbs are obligatory on the first [night], but voluntary from then onwards. R. Simeon [T4] said: In the case of men [it is] obligatory; in the case of women, voluntary. To what does this refer? Shall we say, to the Passover-offering is there then a Passover-offering the whole seven days! Hence [it must refer] to unleavened bread and bitter herbs. Then consider the sequel: R. Simeon [T4] said: In the case of men [it is] obligatory; in the case of women, voluntary. Does then R. Simeon [T4] not agree with R. Eleazar`s [T4 in M or PA3] dictum: Women are bound to eat unleavened bread by Scriptural law, for it is said, Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith: whoever is subject to, `thou shalt eat no leavened bread,` is subject to [the law]. `arise, eat unleavened bread`; and these women, since they are subject to, `thou shalt eat no leavened bread,` are also subject to [the law], `arise, eat unleavened bread?` Rather say: The Passover-offering, unleavened bread, and bitter herbs are obligatory on the first [night]; from then onwards [the latter two] are voluntary. R. Simeon [T4] said: As for the Passover-offering, in the case of men it is obligatory, in the case of women it is voluntary.

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<b.Pesahim ch.8.7, 91a-91b>

{}b psHjM dP ca,a{
} {
}mwnh{--} ajN wvHfjN at hpsH yl hjHjd dbrj rbj jhvdh vrbj jvsj mtjr vapjlv Hbvrh wl mah wajnN jkvljN lakvl kzjt ajN wvHfjN yljhN vajN yvwjN Hbvrt nwjM vybdjM vqfnjM: {
}gmra{--} t``r mnjN wajN wvHfjN at hpsH yl hjHjd tlmvd lvmr (,dbrjM fz,) la tvkl lzbvH at hpsH baHd dbrj r` jhvdh vrbj jvsj avmr jHjd vjkvl laklv wvHfjN yljv ywrh vajN jkvljN laklv ajN wvHfjN yljhN vrbj jvsj haj baHd maj ybjd ljh mjbyj ljh lkdr``w dtnja r``w avmr mnjjN lzvbH at psHv bbmt jHjd bwyt ajsvr hbmvt whva bla tywh t``l la tvkl lzbvH at hpsH baHd wyrjK jkvl aP bwyt hjtr hbmvt kN t``l baHd wyrjK la amrv ala bwyh wkl jwral nknsjN bwyr aHd vr``j haj mna ljh trtj wmyt mjnh vlr` jvsj mmaj dlhkj dqamr r``w djlma kdqamr r` jhvdh hva data amr lK la slqa dytK dha ktjb (,wmvt jb,) ajw lpj aklv rmj ljh rb yvqba br Hjnna mprjwna lrba mj a``r jhvdh ajN wvHfjN at hpsH yl hjHjd vrmjnhv awh brawvN wvHfjN yljh bpnj ycmh vbwnj yvwjN avth fpjlh laHrjM dbrj r` jhvdh a``l la tjma bpnj ycmh ala ajma bpnj ycmN amr ljh mj ybdjnN Hbvrh wkvlh nwjM vhtnN ajN yvwjN Hbvrt nwjM vybdjM vqfnjM maj lav nwjM lHvdjjhv vybdjM lHvdjjhv vqfnjM lHvdjjhv amr ljh la nwjM vybdjM vqfnjM nwjM vybdjM mwvM tplvt qfnjM vybdjM mwvM {b.Pes.91b [b.Pes.91b]} prjcvta gvpa awh brawvN wvHfjN yljh bpnj ycmh vbwnj yvwjN avth fpjlh laHrjM dbrj r` jhvdh r` jvsj avmr awh bwnj wvHfjN yljh bpnj ycmh vajN c``l brawvN r``w avmr awh brawvN yvwjN avth fpjlh laHrjM bwnj ajN wvHfjN yljh kl yjqr bmaj qmjplgj rbj jhvdh sbr (,wmvt jb,) bmkst npwvt vapjlv nwjM vkj tjma a``h apjlv bwnj nmj ktjb (,bmdbr f,) Hfav jwa hajw hhva ajw ajN awh la vkj tjma aj hkj apjlv fpjlh nmj bwnj la ahnj kkl Hqt hpsH lfpjlh bylma vrbj jvsj maj fyma dktjb brawvN bmkst npwvt vapjlv awh vktjb bpsH wnj (,bmdbr f,) vnkrth hnpw hhja mjwral npw vapjlv nwjM vala Hfav jwa hajw hhva lmyvfj maj lmyvfj qfN mkrt vr``w ktjb brawvN ajw ajw ajN awh la vkj tjma aj hkj apjlv fpjlh nmj la ahnj ljh bmkst npwt lfpjlh vk``t apjlv bwnj nmj mjyf rHmna bwnj dktjb Hfav jwa hajw ajw ajN awh la mmaj qmmyjf ljh aj mHjvb hwta brawvN la bwnj mjbyja ala lav mfpjlh vmaj ajw dqamr r``w aj njma (,wmvt jb,) vjqHv lhM ajw wh lbjt abvt vgv` hhva mjbyj ljh lkdrbj jcHq damr ajw zvkh vajN qfN zvkh vala (,wmvt jb,) majw lpj aklv ha mdr` jvsj sbr lh kr` wmyvN rbj wmyvN nmj sbr lh kr` jvsj vhhva mjbyj ljh dwvHfjN at hpsH yl hjHjd amr lK aM kN nktvb rHmna lpj aklv maj ajw wmyt mjnh trtj kmaN azla ha damr rbj alyzr awh brawvN Hvbh vbwnj rwvt vdvHh at hwbt aj rwvt amaj dvHh at hwbt ala ajma bwnj rwvt vbrawvN Hvbh vdvHh at hwbt kmaN krbj jhvdh a``r jyqb a``r jvHnN ajN yvwjN Hbvrh wkvlh grjM wma jdqdqv bv vjbjavhv ljdj psvl: t``r psH vmch vmrvr brawvN Hvbh mkaN vajlK rwvt r` wmyvN avmr banwjM Hvbh vbnwjM rwvt ahjja qaj ajljma apsH psH kl wbyh mj ajka vala amch vmrvr ajma sjpa r``w avmr banwjM Hvbh vbnwjM rwvt ljt ljh lrbj wmyvN ha damr rbj alyzr nwjM Hjjbvt bakjlt mch dbr tvrh wnamr (,dbrjM fz,) la takl yljv HmC wbyt jmjM takl yljv mcvt kl wjwnv bbl takl HmC jwnv bqvM akvl mch vhnj nwjM hvajl vjwnN bbl takl HmC jwnN bqvM akvl mch ala ajma psH mch vmrvr brawvN Hvbh mkaN vajlK rwvt r` wmyvN avmr psH banwjM Hvbh bnwjM rwvt:

<y.Pesachim 8.7, 62a>

y.Pes.8.7

[A] ``They do not slaughter [a Passover offering] in behalf of a single individual,`` the words of R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y].
[B] And R. Yose permits [doing so].
[C] Even if there is an association of a hundred people who cannot eat an olive`s bulk of the meat - they do not slaughter [a Passover offering] in their behalf.
[D] They do not form an association consisting only of women, slaves, and [or] children.
y.Pes.8.7 I
[A] Said R. Yohanan [PA2], ``R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]`s [reasoning is based upon the following verse:] `You are not permitted to slaughter the Passover offering in one of your settlements` (Deut.16.5) [with the `in one` taken to mean `for one,` i.e., for one individual].``
[B] What does R. Yose [who holds that one may slaughter it for a single individual] do with the reason of R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y]?
[C] He may explain it in accord with R. Eleazar b. Matia, for it is taught: ``R. Eleazar [T4 in M or PA3] says, `Perhaps a single individual might tip the balance regarding uncleanness [of the community, providing a majority of one who are unclean, as a result of which the unclean individuals are not postponed to the second Passover, but the entire community performs the first Passover in uncleanness]? The teaching says, ``You are not permitted to slaughter the Passover offering in one`` [meaning you should not rely on one individual in guiding you how to offer the Passover sacrifice; rather you should rely on at least two individuals]``` [t.Pes.6.2C].
[D] Said R. Yohanan [PA2], ``R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y] admits that if [a person] transgressed [the ban on not sacrificing the offering for a single individual] and tossed the blood, that it is favorably received [by God, and that person does not have to bring a second Passover offering];
[E] ``[and that if he] transgressed and slaughtered [the animal for a single individual, they] permit him to toss the blood.``
y.Pes.8.7 I:2
[A] It is taught: ``[They] do not form a association of women and slaves and minors because [together] they increase licentiousness`` [t.Pes.8.6].
[B] Bar Qappara [T6] teaches [the foregoing teaching with an alternative rationale]: ``so as not to bring Holy Things to a state of disgrace [which might occur, because the specified individuals are not accustomed to taking the proper precautions regarding holy objects].``
[C] R. Jacob b. Aha [PA3] in the name of R. Issi [PA3] ``[They] do not form a association of converts because they are` [overly] exacting with it [the offering] and they [would] bring it into a state of invalidation.``


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<y.Pes.8.7, 62a>

{}j psHjM 62a, 8.7 {
} {
}mwnh{--} ajN wvHfjN at hpsH yl hjHjd dbrj r` jhvdh vr` jvsj mtjr apjlv Hbvrh wl mah wajnN jkvljN lvkl kzjt ajN wvHfjN yljhN vajN yvwjN Hbvrh nwjM {
}gmra{--} a``r jvHnN fyma dr` jvdh (,dbrjM fz,) la tvkl lzbvH at hpsH baHd wyrjK. mh mqjjM r` jvsj fyma dr` jvdh ptr lh kr``a bN mtja dtnj r``a avmr jkvl jha hjHjd mkrjy yl hfvmah tlmvd lvmr la tvkl lzbvH at hpsH baHd. amr rbj jvHnN mvdh rbj jvdh waM ybr vzrq at hdM whvrch ybr vwHf mtjrjN lv lzrvq. tnj ajN yvwjN Hbvrh nwjM vybdjM vqfnjM mpnj whN mrbjN btjplh. tnj br qpra wla jbjav at hqdwjM ljdj bjzjvN. rbj jyqb br aHa bwM r` ajsj ajN yvwjN Hbvrh wl grjM mtvK whN mqvlqljN ajN mdqdqjN bv vhM mbjajN avtv ljdj psvl: