Greater stringency applies to Terumah [than to hallowed things], for in Judea they are trusted in regard to the purity of [hallowed] wine and oil throughout the year; and only at the season of the wine-presses and olive-vats in regard to Terumah. If [the season of] the wine-presses and olive-vats was passed, and one brought to him a jar of wine of Terumah, the latter may not accept it from him. However, [the Am-ha-aretz] may leave it for the coming [season] of the wine-press. But if he said to him, `I have set apart therein a quarter log as a hallowed thing`, he is trusted [in regard to the purity of the whole] in regard to jugs of wine and jugs of oil that are mixed up, they are trusted during the season of the wine-presses and the olive-vats and prior to [the season of] the wine-presses seventy days.
t.Hag.3.4
A. A more strict rule applies lo Holy Things than applies to heave- offering:
B. for they immerse utensils inside of other utensils [M.Hag.3.1A- B],
C. cups inside of cups, dishes inside of dishes,
D. for purification for use with heave-offering, but not for purification for use with Holy Things [M.Hag.3.1B].
E. In the case of utensils for use with Holy Things one puts [the object to be cleaned in an immersion-pool] into a basket or into wickerwork and immerses it.
F. Abba Saul [T4] says, ``Thus would they do with regard to utensils for use with heave-offering, but not for utensils for use with Holy Things.``
MISHNAH: m.Hag.3.4Greater stringency applies to Terumah [than to hallowed things], for in Judea they are trusted in regard to the purity of [hallowed] wine and oil throughout the year; and only at the season of the wine-presses and olive-vats in regard to Terumah. If [the season of] the wine-presses and olive-vats was passed, and one brought to him a jar of wine of Terumah, the latter may not accept it from him. However, [the Am-ha-aretz] may leave it for the coming [season] of the wine-press. But if he said to him, `I have set apart therein a quarter log as a hallowed thing`, he is trusted [in regard to the purity of the whole] in regard to jugs of wine and jugs of oil b.Hag.25a that are mixed up, they are trusted during the season of the wine-presses and the olive-vats and prior to [the season of] the wine-presses seventy days.
GEMARA: In Judea but not In Galilee: what is the reason? Resh Lakish [PA2] said: Because a strip of [land inhabited by] Cutheans separates them. Let it be brought then in a box, chest or turret! This is according to Rabbi, who said: A tent in motion is not to be considered a tent. For it is taught: One who enters Gentile territory in a box, chest or turret, Rabbi [T5] declares to be unclean, and R. Jose b. Judah [T5] to be clean. But let it be brought in an earthenware vessel fitted with a close-bound covering! R. Eliezer [T2 or T5] said: They teach: Hallowed things are not protected by a close-bound covering. But it is taught: The [water of] purification is not protected by a close-bound covering. Surely this implies that hallowed things are protected! No, it implies that water which is not yet sanctified is protected by a close-bound covering. But `Ulla [BA3] said: The Associates prepare [their hallowed things] in purity in Galilee! They let them remain; and when Elijah comes he win purify them. And only at the season of the wine-presses and olive vats in regard to Terumah. Now we shall point to a contradiction. He who finished [gathering] his olives, let him leave one basket [for Terumah] and give it to a poor priest! R. Nahman said: There is no contradiction: the one [Mishnah] refers to early-ripening [olives], and the other refers to later ripening [olives]. Said R. Adda b. Ahaba to him: Which [are caned late-ripening]? Like those of your fathers. R. Joseph [BA3] said: They taught this of Galilee. Abaye [BA4] put an objection to him: Transjordania and Galilee are like Judea: they are trusted [there] In regard to the wine during the wine-season, and in regard to the oil during the oil-season; but not in regard to the wine during the oil-season, and not in regard to the oil during the wine-season? The best [explanation], therefore, is that which was given at first. If [the season of] the wine-presses and olive-vats was passed, and one brought to him a jar of wine of Terumah, the latter may not accept it from him. However, [the Am-ha-aretz,] may leave it for the coming [season] of the wine-press. R. Shesheth [BA3] was asked: If [the priest] transgressed and accepted It, may he leave it for the next [season of the] winepress?-He answered them: Ye have learnt it: b.Hag.25b If an Associate and an Am-ha-aretz inherited [jointly] from their father, who was an Am-ha-aretz, [the Associate] may say to the other: `Take thou the wheat that is in one place, and I [shall take] the wheat that is in the other place; [or] take thou the wine that is in the one place, and I [shall take] the wine that is in the other`. But he may not say to him: `Take thou the liquid [produce] and I [shall take] the dry; [or] take thou the wheat and I [shall take] the barley`, And it is taught with, regard to this: That Associate burns the liquid [produce] and leaves the dry. Why now? Let him leave it for the coming [season of the] wine-press! [It refers] to something which has no pressing [season]. Let him leave it then for the [next] Festival! [It refers] to something which cannot be kept till the Festival. But if he said to him, I have set apart therein a quarter log as a hallowed thing`, he is trusted [in regard to the purity of the whole]. We have learnt there: Beth Shammai [CE1] and Beth Hillel [CE1] agree that for the purpose of preparing the Passover sacrifice one may investigate [a field containing a ploughed grave], but not for the purpose of eating Terumah. What is meant by `investigate`? Rab Judah [BA2] said that Samuel [BA1] said: A man blows [on the ground] of a Beth ha-Peras [grave area] and proceeds. But R. Hiyya b. Abbah in the name of `Ulla [BA3] said: A Beth ha-peras which has been trodden is clean. In the case of those who go to prepare the Passover sacrifice, [the Sages] did not maintain their enactment where kareth [extinction] was involved; in the case of those who go to eat Terumah, they maintained their enactment where death [at the hands of Heaven] was involved. A question was asked: If one investigated [a Beth Peras] for his Passover sacrifice, may he [also] eat his Terumah? Rabbah [BA3] b. `Una said: If one investigated [a Beth Peras] for his Passover sacrifice, he may not [also] eat his Terumah. Said an old [scholar] to him: Do not dispute with `Ulla [BA3], for we have learnt according to his view: but if he said to him, `I have set apart therein a quarter-log as a hallowed thing`, he is trusted [in regard to the purity of the whole]. Thus, since he is trusted in regard to hallowed things, he is trusted also in regard to Terumah. Likewise in our case, since he is credited [to be clean] in regard to the Passover sacrifice, he is credited [to be clean] also in regard to Terumah. In. Regard to jugs of wine and jugs of oil etc. A Tannna taught: They are not trusted either in regard to the casks or in regard to the Terumah. Casks of what? If they are casks of hallowed things, then since they are trusted in regard to the hallowed things, they are to be trusted also in regard to the casks! If, on the other hand, they are casks of Terumah, this is obvious? For if they are not trusted in regard to Terumah, are they to be trusted in regard to the casks! it must refer, therefore, to empty [casks] of hallowed things at any time of the year, or to full [casks] of Terumah at the time of the vats. We have learnt: in regard to jugs of wine and jugs of oil that are mixed up: surely [it means] mixed up with, Terumah! The School of R. Hiyya said: [It means] mixed up with hallowed things. But does `mixing up` obtain in the case of hallowed things? The School of R. Ila [T3 or PA3]`i said: It is a case where he prepares his untithed produce in purity in order to take therefrom drink-offerings. Prior to [the season of] the wine-presses seventy days. Abaye [BA4] said: From this is to be deduced that it is obligatory on the aris [tenant] to see to the provision of the jugs seventy days before the pressing-season.
[A] A more strict rule applies to heave offering [than to Holy Things]:
[B] For: In Judea people are deemed trustworthy in regard to the preservation of the cleanness of wine and oil [for use in the altar - that is, food in the status of Holy Things] throughout the year.
[C] But [only] in the time of pressing the wine and crushing the olives also for the purposes of heave offering [are they deemed trustworthy].
[D] After the time of pressing the wine and crushing the olives has passed, [if] one brought to [a priest] a jug of wine in the status of heave offering, he should not accept it from him.
[E] But he simply leaves it for the next season of pressing the wine.
[F] But if he said to him, ``I set apart in this jug of wine a quarter log which is in the status of Holy Things, `` then he is deemed trustworthy [and the jug is accepted = A].
[G] As to jugs of wine and oil in which wine or oil in the status of heave offering has been mixed, [common people] are deemed trustworthy in their regard at the time of pressing the wine and crushing the olives,
[H] and for seventy days before the pressing of the wine as well. y.Hag.3.4 I
[A] In Judea people are deemed trustworthy in regard to the preservation of the cleanness of wine and oil [for use in the altar - that is, food in the status of Holy Things] throughout the year...[m.Hag.3.4A-B]: And in Galilee that is not the case.
[B] [79c] R. Simon [T4], R. Joshua b. Levi [PA1] in the name of R. Pedaiah: ``It is because a strip of land belonging to the Samaritans intervenes [between Judea and Galilee]. [This land is unclean.]``
[C] And lo, we have learned:Second to it [in the excellence of its produce] is Rebeb, which is in Trans-Jordan [m.Men.8.3]. Now [that is a distant place], and even though a strip of land belonging to the Samaritans intervenes[, still, produce from such a distant place is acceptable for the altar]. [So why should that not be the case for Galilean produce?]
[D] Said R. Shimi, ``Interpret the passage [on the town in TransJordan] to speak of bringing baskets of olives [from there to Judea] and crushing them there [in Judea, in which case there is no possibility of their being made unclean in their passage through the land of the gentiles].`` And in Judea they are believed as to the character of the wine, but not as to the character of the jars, while in Galilee they are believed neither as to the character of the wine nor as to the character of the jars.
[E] R. Simon [T4] in the name of R. Joshua b. Levi [PA1]: ``In the case of a Southerner [in the southern part of Galilee, regarded as part of Judea] who said, `I brought it from Galilee,` he is believed. [That oil may not be used for the altar.] In the case of a Galilean who said, `I brought it from the south,` he is not believed. [That oil also may not be used for the altar.]``
[F] [As to m.Hag.3.4C,] R. Jeremiah [PA4] considered ruling that that rule pertains to heave offering prepared in accord with the rules governing Holy Things. Lo, in the case of heave offering prepared in accord with its own rules, that is not the case. [Common people are believed in the former case, as M. has specified, only in the case of heave offering prepared in accord with the strict rules pertaining to the altar.]
[G] Said R. Yose, ``And even if it was prepared in accord with its own rules [and not those governing Holy Things], the rule is the same.``
[H] Now the Mishnah before us differs from the view of R. Yose, for we have learned:
[I] [Olive workers and grape gatherers - ``once one has brought them to the domain of the cavern (containing the immersion pool) - ``that suffices (without witnessing the immersion), `` the words of R. Meir [T4].] R. Yose says, ``One must stand over them until they immerse, [since they do not know the rules about immersion and interpositlon]`` [m.Toh.10.3]. [Now the view of Yose at m.Hag.10.3D differs from the view of Yose cited above, for the present Yose maintains that even if the wine or oil is prepared in accord with the rules of heave offering, common folk are assumed to know those rules. If that is the case, why must the householder supervise their immersion?]
[J] Interpret the cited passage of the Mishnah to speak of a time other than that of crushing of the olives [m.Hag.3.4D].
[K] Can you say that the reference is to a time other than that of pressing the wine? [Olives may not be crushed right away, since they are left in baskets to soften, but grapes are going to be crushed right away.]
[L] Said R. Isaac [T5 or PA3] b. R. Eleazar [T4 in M or PA3], ``[The immersion of which m.Toh 10.3 speaks takes place] either beforehand, that is, when three men have not yet cut their olives. [The landowner then wishes to place his workers in a state of cleanness prior to the pressing season.]`` y.Hag.3.4 II
[A] [As to m.Hag.3.4C: Only in the time of pressing the wine and crushing the grapes are people deemed trustworthy, we may say,] ``If substances that are cultically clean touched something during the time of the grape- or olive-pressing, the things that are subject to the rules of cleanness remain clean. But if the time for pressing grapes and crushing olives had passed, then things that are prepared under conditions of cleanness now are deemed to be unclean.``
[B] [Accordingly, we must ask,] ``Can a clay utensil be regarded as insusceptible to uncleanness [at one point] and then go and become susceptible to uncleanness? [If the utensil was regarded as clean at one point, when did it become unclean?]``
[C] Matters cannot be this way. But this is the rule: If matters requiring preparation in conditions of cleanness touched it prior to the season of grape-pressing or olive-crushing, the things that are clean remain clean.
[D] And is there a clay utensil that is susceptible to uncleanness and that then goes and becomes insusceptible to uncleanness?
[E] Matters cannot be this way, but this is the rule: If things requiring preparation in conditions of cleanness touched it when the utensil is full, the things requiring preparation in conditions of cleanness remain clean. But if one then emptied the jar, the things subject to the rules of cleanness are regarded as unclean.
[F] And is clay utensil that has been deemed insusceptible to uncleanness going to go and become unclean?
[G] Matters cannot be this way, but this is the rule: If matters requiring preparation in conditions of cleanness touched it when it is empty, the things requiring preparation in conditions of cleanness are regarded as unclean. If one filled it with matter subject to the rules of cleanness, they are regarded as clean.
[H] And is there a clay utensil that is regarded at one point as subject to uncleanness and at another insusceptible?
[I] Matters cannot be this way. y.Hag.3.4 II:2
[A] Said R. Yohanan [PA2], ``Costus, a gourd, an alleyway, a proselyte, and an ordinary person are subject to a strict rule.``
[B] Costus, as we learn in the following:``Costus, amomum, the principal spices, crowfoot, asafetida, black pepper, and lozenges of safflower, are purchased with money of second tithe, but do not receive uncleanness as food, `` the words of R. Aqiba.
[C] Said to him R. Yohanan b. Nuri [T3], ``If they are purchased with money of second tithe, then why do they not receive uncleanness as food? If they do not receive uncleanness as food, then they also should not be purchased with money of second tithe [m.Uqs.3.5].``
[D] R. Yohanan [PA2] said, ``It is subject to the following strict rule: It receives uncleanness as food, and may not be purchased with money of second tithe.``
[E] Gourd: We have learned there:
[F] A gourd that they immersed in water that is not suitable for mixing - they mix with it before it is made unclean.
[G] [If however] it is made unclean, they do not mix with it.
[H] R. Joshua [T2] says, ``If he mixes with it in the first place [before it is unclean], even at the end [after it is unclean] does he mix with it.
[I] ``If he does not mix with it at the end, even in the first place he should not mix with it.``
[J] One way or the other he should not collect in it water that has been mixed [with ashes] [m.Par.5.3].
[K] R. Yohanan [PA2] said, ``It is subject to the following strict rule: They do not mix with it either in the first place or at the end.``
[L] As to an alleyway, we have learned there:
[M] An alleyway, the beams or sideposts of which have been removed -
[N] ``they are permitted on that Sabbath, but prohibited in time to come, `` the words of R. Judah [T4; PA4 or PA5 in Y].
[O] R. Yose says, ``If they are permitted on that Sabbath, they are permitted in time to come.
[P] ``And if they are prohibited in time to come, they are prohibited on that Sabbath `` [m.Erub.9.3].
[Q] R. Yohanan [PA2] said, ``It is subject to the following strict rule: It is prohibited both on that Sabbath and on the Sabbaths in time to come.
[R] The case of the proselyte, for it has been taught:
[S] A gentile who converted and who had wine and who said, ``It is perfectly clear to me that it has not been made unclean`` -
[T] when others were engaged therewith, it is prohibited to him and prohibited to everyone else.
[U] If the man himself [were engaged therewith], it is permitted to him and prohibited to everyone else.
[V] R. Aqiba says, ``If it is permitted to him, it is permitted to everyone else. If it is prohibited to him, it is prohibited to everyone else`` [t.Toh.9.7].
[W] R. Yohanan [PA2] said, ``He is subject to the following strict rule: The kegs of wine are regarded as prohibited both to him and to everyone else.``
[X] The ordinary person [am ha`ares], as it has been taught:
[Y] An am ha`ares who took on himself [the obligations of the haber], and who had clean foods, and who said, ``It is perfectly clear to me that they have not been made unclean`` -
[Z] when others had been engaged therewith, they are prohibited to him and prohibited to everyone else.
[AA] [If] only he himself [was engaged therewith], they are permitted to him and prohibited to everyone else.
[BB]R. Aqiba says, ``[If] they are permitted to him, they are permitted to everyone else; [if] prohibited to him, they are prohibited to everyone else`` [t.Toh.9.6].
[CC] R. Yohanan [PA2] said, ``He is subject to the following strict rule: The foods are regarded as prohibited both to him and to everyone else.`` y.Hag.3.4 II:3
[A] Said R. Yannai, ``The younger disciples would say: `This rule applies to heave offering that has been prepared in accord with the rules pertaining to Holy Things. Lo, if it was prepared in accord with rules governing itself [as heave offering], [M.`s rule] does not apply.`
[B] ``But I say, `Even if the food were prepared in accord with its own rules as heave offering[, the law of Mishnah applies].```
[C] That which R. Yose has said accords with R. Yannai, and that which R. Jeremiah [PA4] has said accords with the younger disciples. y.Hag.3.4 III
[A] But if he said to him, ``I set apart in this jug of wine a quarter log which is in the status of Holy Things, he is deemed trustworthy [and the jug is accepted] [m.Hag.3.4F].
[B] Since he is deemed trustworthy with regard to Holy Things, he is deemed trustworthy in this case with regard to the produce in the status of heave offering.
[C] As to jugs of wine and oil in which wine or oil in the status of heave offering had been mixed, common people are deemed trustworthy in their regard [m.Hag.3.4G]:
[D] Said R. Yose b. R. Bun, ``These are jars in which people have poured produce with which produce in the status of heave offering has been mixed.``