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David Instone-Brewer, research fellow at Tyndale House
(Cambridge, England) has provided readers with a careful and
scholarly reevaluation of the biblical norms for divorce and
remarriage. Unconvinced that scriptural grounds for divorce and
remarriage have been accurately interpreted throughout Christian
history, Instone-Brewer methodically investigates the social and
literary context(s) in which the intended audience would have
received and understood these teachings. The author maintains that
because the early Church lost its Jewish and Greco-Roman world view
before the second century, the context neces-sary to grasp the
authentic meaning of those texts was hindered. With great clarity
and with a profound grasp of ancient literature, Instone-Brewer
takes his readers back to walk a mile in the sandals of scrip-ture's
intended audience.
The first eight chapters delve deeply into the Biblical data
pertain-ing to divorce and remarriage as well as the historical and
literary context of the scriptural witness. Instone-Brewer analyzes
the pertinent historical, theological, social and literary world of
the ancient Near East and Judaism. The first two chapters discuss
the relationship between the literature of the ancient Near East and
the Pentateuch in order to emphasize their utilization of con tract
/covenant language and to dis-tinguish the rights afforded to women
through the divorce certificate provided in the Pentateuch. In the
third chapter the author details the later prophets who describe the
marriage between God and Israel and Judah. Instone-Brewer contends
that God is offended by the one who breaks the nuptial vows, rather
than by the divorce itself since God has personally experienced the
pains of rejection and divorce. The fourth and fifth chapters detail
the changes of the intertestamental period and the evolution of
divorce and remarriage in rabbinic teaching, namely, systematizing
grounds for divorce and conditions for remarriage. The author pays
particular attention to the cultural significance of Shammai and
Hillel and their disputes that Jesus entered into. In the sixth and
seventh chapters the teachings of Jesus and Paul are examined.
Instone-Brewer uses the Dead Sea Scrolls and rabbinic literature in
order to understand Jesus and Paul's acceptance of certain kinds of
divorce and remarriage through a careful study of porneia, Jesus'
use of 'abbrevia-tion' and the cultural context in which they
taught. The eighth chapter explains the vows undertaken as spouses
enter into the marital con-tract. The ninth chapter guides the
reader through the diverse inter-pretations held by leading
theologians throughout Christian history, in the last two chapters
contemporary interpretations as well as a reiteration of the
author's view are proffered.
Instone-Brewer has provided a valuable resource for students,
teachers and those involved in Christian ministry. His work is the
fruit of tremendous research and superb scholarship. Some readers
will not hold identical conclusions, but all will be challenged by
the author's pastoral sensitivity and his command of the pertinent
literature.
Randall Jay, Woodard Silver Spring, Maryland
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